(一)機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法
(1) the design method of mechanical system
機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計足研究組成系統(tǒng)的各部分及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，從整體系統(tǒng)出發(fā)，建基本設(shè)計原則，辯證解決設(shè)汁問題的一種設(shè)計分法。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法的主要思想是在設(shè)計過程中強調(diào)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部和外部環(huán)境的關(guān)系，強調(diào)整體系統(tǒng)和分系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系，并以之貫穿干整個設(shè)計過程。在分解與綜合中要考慮各分系統(tǒng)聯(lián)絡(luò)關(guān)系的強弱及其與整體系統(tǒng)關(guān)聯(lián)的完整性。
The mechanical system is designed to make all parts of the system and its internal relations. From the whole system, the basic design principles are built, and a dialectic method of designing the juice problem is dialectically solved. The main idea of the system design method is to emphasize the relationship between the internal and external environment of the system during the design process, and emphasize the relationship between the whole system and the sub system, and run through the whole design process. In decomposing and integrating, we should consider the strength of each subsystem's connection and its integrity with the whole system.
(二)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法
(two) optimal design method
優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法是應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)化原理解決實際問題的設(shè)計方法。針對菜—設(shè)計任務(wù)，以結(jié)構(gòu)合理，工作性能，成本等為設(shè)計要求，在多種方案、多組參數(shù)、多種設(shè)計變量巾確定主要設(shè)計變量的取值，使之滿足設(shè)計要求。在機械設(shè)計中，優(yōu)化設(shè)計體現(xiàn)為傳設(shè)計方案的確定和設(shè)計參數(shù)的確定。

The optimization design method is the design method to solve practical problems based on the principle of applied mathematics optimization. According to the design task, the design requirements are the most reasonable structure, the best work performance and the lowest cost. The main design variables are determined in various schemes, multi groups of parameters and various design variable towels so as to meet the optimal design requirements. In mechanical design, the optimal design is the determination of the best design plan and the determination of the best design parameters.

進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計時，首先需要對具體的工程問題進行比較深入的了解，選擇優(yōu)化計算方法，構(gòu)造合適的數(shù)學(xué)模型，尋找設(shè)計結(jié)果，找出設(shè)計參數(shù)。如減速器設(shè)計中，可以將材料省和結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊作為設(shè)計目標。這樣，在傳動裝置設(shè)計計算中．應(yīng)該注意合理選擇熱處理工，參數(shù)選擇時盡量使各部分的強度量合理。使用優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法，可以加速設(shè)計過程、縮短設(shè)計周期，達到事半功倍的目的。
When optimizing the design, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the specific engineering problems, select the optimal calculation method, construct the appropriate mathematical model, find the optimal design results and find the best design parameters. For example, in the design of reducer, the most economical and compact structure can be taken as the design goal. In this way, in the design and calculation of transmission device, we should pay attention to selecting heat treatment workers reasonably, and optimize the strength of each part as much as possible when choosing parameters. By using the optimization design method, we can speed up the design process, shorten the design cycle and achieve twice the result with half the effort.
(三)可靠性設(shè)計
(three) reliability design
可靠性是指系統(tǒng)在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)，在給定條件下完成規(guī)定功能的能力。產(chǎn)品的可靠性需有一個定量的表述，但可靠性的定量表述具有隨機件，對任何產(chǎn)品來講，在其可靠工作與失效之間，都具有時間上的不確定性；因此，對于不同類型的可靠性問題，就需要不同的表述方式，常見的有可靠度、無故障率、失效率、平均無故障時間等。合理規(guī)劃分配各部分的可靠性指標，可以限度地發(fā)揮各部分的設(shè)計優(yōu)勢，保證產(chǎn)品在工作品質(zhì)、技術(shù)標準和安全使用等文面達到高高質(zhì)。
Reliability refers to the ability of the system to perform specified functions in a given time under specified conditions. The reliability of a product needs a quantitative expression, but the quantitative expression of reliability has random parts. For any product, there is a time uncertainty between its reliable work and failure. Therefore, different expressions are needed for different types of reliability problems. Failure rate, failure rate and mean time to failure. Reasonably planning the reliability index of each part of the distribution, we can maximize the design advantages of each part to ensure the quality of the product in the quality of work, technical standards and safe use.